How to recognize these 5 Christian martyrs in paintings

Christian martyrs are often remembered through grim attributes that serve as poignant reminders of the agonizing ordeal they endured due to their faith.

1. Saint Laurence

Patron saint of cooks, chefs, and comedians

Burned on a rack

As he endured the excruciating torment of being cooked, the story goes that he turned to his tormentors and calmly uttered:

“I’m done on this side, flip me over”
Francisco de Zurbarán, "Saint Laurence" (1636)
Francisco de Zurbarán, "Saint Laurence" (1636)

2. Saint Sebastian

Patron saint of soldiers, archers, and plague

Shot by arrows

His survival from a rain of arrows did little to sway the Roman emperor who had issued his death sentence. He was then brutally beaten, and his lifeless body cast aside into a sewer.

Tommaso,"Martyrdom of Saint Sebastian" (15th century)
Tommaso,"Martyrdom of Saint Sebastian" (15th century)

3. Saint Catherine

Patron saint of girls, students, philosophers, and craftsmen working with wheels

Breaking wheel

Initially condemned to the breaking wheel, she left onlookers astounded when the wheel disintegrated at her mere touch. As the execution proceeded with a beheading, legend has it that instead of blood, a milk-like substance flowed from her severed neck...

Caravaggio, "Saint Catherine of Alexandria" (1598)
Caravaggio, "Saint Catherine of Alexandria" (1598)

4. Saint Peter Martyr

Patron saint of inquisitors and midwives

Murdered by cleaver

Vengeful Venetian nobles hired his assassins in response to Peter's persecution of heretics.

Pedro Berruguete, "Saint Peter the Martyr" (c. 1493-1499)
Pedro Berruguete, "Saint Peter the Martyr" (c. 1493-1499)

5. Saint Lucy

Patron saint of the blind

Eyes removed

Paschasius commanded his guards to remove her eyes when she prophesied his impending punishment. Another version has Lucy taking her own eyes out in order to discourage a persistent suitor who was captivated by them.

Domenico Beccafumi, "Saint Lucy" (1521)
Domenico Beccafumi, "Saint Lucy" (1521)

Extra

A shared symbol among all martyrs is the palm leaf of victory, reminiscent of what Greek or Roman athletes received upon winning sporting contests. Martyrs are victorious in death, reborn in Heaven.

Spot a palm leaf - Spot a martyr!

Spot a palm leaf - Spot a martyr!

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Press
Jul 9, 2025
1
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We Got a Webby Nomination! 🎉

Big news: MuseMuse just got nominated for a Webby Award for Best Art & Culture App—aka the Oscars of the Internet. Among 13,000 entries, we made it into the top 12%.

But here’s the thing: we need your vote. Webby winners are decided by a very official jury of… the internet. That’s you. Your friends. Your barista. Every vote counts.

🗳️ Vote here → vote.webbyawards.com

Deadline to vote: April 18th.

In the meantime, we’ll keep doing what we do best: helping you explore the world through art.

So thank you art lovers! And thank you to everyone who’s ever wanted more from a museum visit and thought, “There has to be a better way.” There is. It’s called MuseMuse. And apparently, it’s Webby-worthy!

Cheers - MuseMuse

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Fun Facts
Jul 9, 2025
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Museum Fatigue: A Century-Old Problem

Have you ever stood in an exhibition hall, gazing up at a 2000-year-old sculpture or a priceless painting, and felt… like you wanted to curl up in bed?

If so, you might have experienced something called ‘museum fatigue’. This phenomenon can affect even the most enthusiastic culture buff, and refers to a sense of feeling increasingly overwhelmed and exhausted as you mooch around a museum or gallery. 

"museum fatigue"—that overwhelmed, drained feeling even the most eager culture lovers get while wandering galleries.

The term ‘museum fatigue’ was first coined by Benjamin Ives Gilman in 1916. He focused on how the placement of exhibits led to unnecessary physical strain, causing us to tire ourselves out. 

But since then, researchers have also come to recognise the mental toll of a museum visit. This stems from a number of factors, including:

Information overload – where the sheer amount of information in a museum gets a bit much. This includes lengthy gallery labels and descriptions, as well as the exhibits themselves!

Object competition – when different exhibits in the same space battle it out for our attention. This prevents us from focusing properly on a single piece and erodes our overall engagement with a museum.

And last but not least, satiation – where we take in a number of similar pieces in a row, causing us to become progressively less interested. (One ancient Greek statue? Fantastic. One hundred? OK, now you’ve lost me.)

Together, these elements can contribute to an acute case of cultural burnout – and more than 100 years on from Benjamin Gilman, museum fatigue doesn’t look like going away.

Object competition – when different exhibits in the same space battle it out for our attention.

So, it’s clear that something has to change; that we need a whole new way of approaching museums, and the amazing things in them. Because if we’re getting tired of Da Vinci and Van Gogh – of the Rosetta Stone and the Venus de Milo – then something has gone seriously, seriously wrong! 

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