4 Spanish Restoration Fails

¡Ay, caramba! In art restoration, good intentions don't always lead to good results.

1. Anonymous, “Religious Sculptures” (c. 15th century)

Chapel of Ranadoiro, Spain
Chapel of Ranadoiro, Spain

A local tobacco shopkeeper took it upon herself to add some flair to the trio of 15th-century wooden sculptures using industrial enamel paint.

“I’m not a professional painter” Maria Luisa Menendez

The sculptures had been professionally restored just 15 years before but the parish priest apparently had given his blessing to the amateur.

2. Unknown, “Saint George” (c. 16th century)

Church of San Miguel de Estella, Navarre, Spain
Church of San Miguel de Estella, Navarre, Spain

This 500-year-old sculpture of Saint George was turned into a cartoon character after the church hired a local teacher for the job.

Re-restoring it cost $37,000! The church paid for the re-restoration to “somewhat” its original appearance.

3. ​​Bartolomé Esteban Murillo, Copy of “The Immaculate Conception of El Escorial” (c. 17th century)

Private collection, Valencia, Spain
Private collection, Valencia, Spain

Spanish amateur restoration’s latest victim...

In 2020, an art collector paid $1,200 for a furniture restorer to clean up his copy of The Immaculate Conception of El Escorial.

He Made 2 Attempts. But the restorer only took it from worse to worser.

4. Elías García Martinez, “Ecce Homo (Monkey Christ)” (c. 1930)

‍Sanctuary of Mercy Church Borja, Spain
Sanctuary of Mercy Church Borja, Spain

Initially suspected as vandalism, the alterations were instead the creation of an 81-year-old parishioner.

“They didn’t let me finish” - Cecilia Giménez

Remarkably, this restoration turned into a notorious attraction, ultimately revitalizing the struggling economy of the small Spanish town. The Sanctuary of Mercy Church in Borja had around 46,000 visits between August and December 2012.

Spanish paintings:

Some voices in Spain are now calling for tighter rules for art restoration...

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Fun Facts
Feb 7, 2026
1
 Min. read

The Scream's Secret

Look closely at Edvard Munch’s The Scream (1893) and you may notice something deeply unsettling; something which most visitors never see. Barely visible, etched into the painted sky, are the chilling words: “Can only have been painted by a madman.”

Edvard Munch’s The Scream (1893) - A figure stands on a bridge, hands on face, mouth open in a scream. Vivid red, orange sky and swirling blue water convey intense emotion and anxiety.
Edvard Munch’s The Scream (1893)

For decades, no one knew what to make of them. Some believed they were the work of a vandal. The truth remained a mystery until 2021, when infrared imaging and handwriting analysis finally settled the debate.

The words were written by Munch himself. The revelation transformed the painting from an expression of terror into something even more intimate: a quiet confession. The inscription appears on only one of the four known versions of The Scream.

Edvard Munch by Anders Beer Wilse (1921) - Black and white portrait of Edvard Munch in a suit in 1921, seated against a dark backdrop. His expression is serious, with a focused and introspective look.
Edvard Munch by Anders Beer Wilse (1921)

The Night That Inspired Terror

The image was born from a single night that left a permanent mark on Munch. He later described the experience in his diary, and his words are as haunting as the painting itself:

“I was walking along the road with two friends—the sun was setting—suddenly the sky turned blood red—I paused, feeling exhausted, and leaned on the fence—there was blood and tongues of fire above the blue-black fjord and the city. My friends walked on, and I stood there trembling with anxiety—and I sensed an infinite scream passing through nature.”

That moment of dread did not come out of nowhere. Munch’s life was already steeped in loss and fear. His mother and one of his sisters had died of tuberculosis when he was young. Another sister was later committed to a mental asylum. He struggled with alcoholism, anxiety, and recurring breakdowns. Mental illness haunted his family, and Munch lived with the constant fear that madness was not just around him, but inside him, waiting.

Edvard Munch’s The Sick Child (1885–86), depicting his sister Sophie’s death - Oil painting of Edvard Munch’s older sister, Johanne Sophie, who died from tuberculosis at fifteen in 1877. Munch would repeatedly revisit this deeply traumatic event through his art.
Edvard Munch’s The Sick Child (1885–86), depicting his sister Sophie’s death

And that burning red sky may not have been pure imagination. Some scientists believe it was inspired by the eruption of the Krakatoa volcano in Indonesia in 1883. The explosion sent ash particles high into the atmosphere, creating spectacular, blood red sunsets around the world for years.

Photograph of the Krakatoa eruption of 1883 - Black and white photograph of the Indonesian volcano Krakatoa during the eruption of 1883, which began on 20th May and lasted five months, until 21 October.
Photograph of the Krakatoa eruption of 1883

The Hidden Message

So why would Munch scribble such a brutal line over his own masterpiece?

The words were added after The Scream was first exhibited in 1895, after critics reacted rather harshly. One review mocked the work, suggesting that only a madman could have painted something so disturbing. Munch did not argue publicly. Instead, he responded in pencil, writing the accusation himself in letters so faint they almost disappeared into the paint. It was defiance, irony, and self-awareness all at once.

Detail of Edvard Munch’s The Scream (1893) -  Detail of The Scream: with flowing red, orange and blue brushstrokes creating a dynamic, swirling pattern. Faint writing is noticeable over the colours.
Detail of Edvard Munch’s The Scream (1893)

The painting’s troubled history does not end there. The Scream was stolen twice, once in 1994 and again in 2004, and recovered both times. Four versions of the work exist today. One of them, the 1895 pastel, sold for $119.9M in 2012, making it one of the most expensive ever sold.

What remains is an image that still screams across time, and a single sentence, nearly erased, that asks whether madness was the subject of the painting, or its source.

Fun Facts
Feb 4, 2026
1
 Min. read

How to recognize these 5 Christian martyrs in paintings

Christian martyrs are often remembered through grim attributes that serve as poignant reminders of the agonizing ordeal they endured due to their faith.

1. Saint Laurence

Patron saint of cooks, chefs, and comedians

Burned on a rack

As he endured the excruciating torment of being cooked, the story goes that he turned to his tormentors and calmly uttered:

“I’m done on this side, flip me over”
Francisco de Zurbarán, "Saint Laurence" (1636)
Francisco de Zurbarán, "Saint Laurence" (1636)

2. Saint Sebastian

Patron saint of soldiers, archers, and plague

Shot by arrows

His survival from a rain of arrows did little to sway the Roman emperor who had issued his death sentence. He was then brutally beaten, and his lifeless body cast aside into a sewer.

Tommaso,"Martyrdom of Saint Sebastian" (15th century)
Tommaso,"Martyrdom of Saint Sebastian" (15th century)

3. Saint Catherine

Patron saint of girls, students, philosophers, and craftsmen working with wheels

Breaking wheel

Initially condemned to the breaking wheel, she left onlookers astounded when the wheel disintegrated at her mere touch. As the execution proceeded with a beheading, legend has it that instead of blood, a milk-like substance flowed from her severed neck...

Caravaggio, "Saint Catherine of Alexandria" (1598)
Caravaggio, "Saint Catherine of Alexandria" (1598)

4. Saint Peter Martyr

Patron saint of inquisitors and midwives

Murdered by cleaver

Vengeful Venetian nobles hired his assassins in response to Peter's persecution of heretics.

Pedro Berruguete, "Saint Peter the Martyr" (c. 1493-1499)
Pedro Berruguete, "Saint Peter the Martyr" (c. 1493-1499)

5. Saint Lucy

Patron saint of the blind

Eyes removed

Paschasius commanded his guards to remove her eyes when she prophesied his impending punishment. Another version has Lucy taking her own eyes out in order to discourage a persistent suitor who was captivated by them.

Domenico Beccafumi, "Saint Lucy" (1521)
Domenico Beccafumi, "Saint Lucy" (1521)

Extra

A shared symbol among all martyrs is the palm leaf of victory, reminiscent of what Greek or Roman athletes received upon winning sporting contests. Martyrs are victorious in death, reborn in Heaven.

Spot a palm leaf - Spot a martyr!

Spot a palm leaf - Spot a martyr!

Fun Facts
Feb 4, 2026
1
 Min. read

Non-Finito: The Art of Incompleteness

Here are a few of our favorites... Enjoy!

"Salvator Mundi” (1505) by Albrecht Dürer / Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York

"Salvator Mundi” (1505) by Albrecht Dürer / Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York

“Holy Family with Saint John the Baptist” (1528-1537) by Perino Del Vaga / Courtauld Gallery in London

oly Family with Saint John the Baptist” (1528-1537) by Perino Del Vaga / Courtauld Gallery in London

“Take your Son, Sir!” (1851–56) by Ford Madox Brown / Tate Britain in London

“Take your Son, Sir!” (1851–56) by Ford Madox Brown / Tate Britain in London

“Study of Mme Gautreau” (1884) by John Singer Sargent / Tate Britain in London

“Study of Mme Gautreau” (1884) by John Singer Sargent / Tate Britain in London

“The Entombment” (c. 1500–1501) by Michelangelo / National Gallery in London

“The Entombment” (c. 1500–1501) by Michelangelo / National Gallery in London
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